The Sea Peoples and the Bronze Age Collapse: The Faceless Enemy Who Ended a World
A little over three thousand years ago, the civilized world of the eastern Mediterranean came to a sudden and catastrophic end. For centuries a brilliant, interconnected order of great powers had flourished — the mighty Hittite empire of Anatolia, the palace kingdoms of Mycenaean Greece, the wealthy cities of the Levantine coast, the New Kingdom of Egypt at its height, all bound together by trade, diplomacy, and the shared splendor of the Late Bronze Age. And then, within the span of a few decades around the year 1200 before the common era, nearly all of it collapsed. Great cities were burned to the ground and never rebuilt. Whole kingdoms vanished from the map. Writing systems were forgotten, trade routes severed, populations scattered, and a darkness fell across the region that would last for generations. At the center of the destruction, in the fragmentary records that survive, appears a mysterious and terrifying enemy — a coalition of raiders and migrants that the Egyptians called...