The Gnostic Basilides: Abraxas, the 365 Heavens, and the Seed of the Cosmos
The Alexandrian Gnostic In the intellectual capital of the Mediterranean during the early second century, a Syrian philosopher proposed a cosmology of such radical depth and abstraction that it challenged the boundaries of both emerging Christian orthodoxy and classical Greek philosophy. Basilides of Alexandria (active c. 117 – 138 CE) was one of the earliest and most systematic Gnostic teachers of the early Church. Operating under the reign of the emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius, Basilides claimed to have received his teachings from Glaucias, an interpreter of the Apostle Peter, and from the secret traditions of the Apostle Matthias. His writings, which included a massive twenty-four-volume commentary on the Gospel titled the Exegetica , are unfortunately lost, surviving only in the contradictory and polemical refutations of his orthodox opponents—primarily Irenaeus of Lyons, Clement of Alexandria, and Hippolytus of Rome. For the modern esoteric historian, the system of Basili...