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The Legend of the City of Carthage: The Vow of Elissa, the Foundations of the Bull's Hide, and the Harbor of Cothon

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The New City of the Phoenicians On the northern coast of Africa, overlooking the blue waters of the Gulf of Tunis, once stood the capital of the most powerful commercial empire of the western Mediterranean. Carthage (known to the Phoenicians as Qart-hadasht , meaning "New City") was founded in the late ninth century before the common era by Phoenician colonists from the city of Tyre. According to the classical history and Roman epics (such as Virgil's Aeneid ), the city was established by the princess Elissa (known in Roman literature as Dido ), who fled from Tyre after her brother, the king Pygmalion, murdered her wealthy husband Acerbas. The legend of the foundation of Carthage is the mystery of the space optimization . When Elissa landed on the coast, she negotiated with the local Berber king Hiarbas to purchase as much land as could be enclosed by a single bull's hide . The king, believing the trade to be trivial, agreed. Elissa, however, cut the bull's...