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The Legend of the Lost Library of Ivan the Terrible: The Hidden Books of Moscow, the Subterranean Vault, and the Search for the Manuscript

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The Golden Collection of the Kremlin In the history of Russia, during the sixteenth century, the reign of Zar Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) was characterized by the centralization of the state authority, the territorial expansion, and the development of a complex, bureaucratic administration. Alongside his reputation for cruelty and political terror, Ivan was one of the most educated rulers of his time, possessing a vast collection of rare manuscripts and books known as the Lost Library of Ivan the Terrible (the Liberia ). Inherited from his grandmother, the Byzantine Princess Sophia Paleologue (who brought the collection from Constantinople to Moscow in 1472 upon her marriage to Grand Prince Ivan III), the library was believed to house over eight hundred rare scrolls and codices, including the lost works of the classical writers, the early histories of Rome, and the treatises of the Byzantine theologians. The legend of the Liberia is the mystery of the subterranean vault . Fearing ...

The Legend of the Library of Alexandria: The Collection of the Scrolls, the Fire of Knowledge, and the Lost Library of the Ancient World

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The Universal Sanctuary of the Mind In the third century before the common era, under the patronage of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt, a single institution was established to realize an impossible ambition: to collect, translate, and preserve every written scroll of the human world. The Great Library of Alexandria ( Bibliotheca Alexandrina ), situated in the royal quarter of Bruchion near the Mediterranean port, was the intellectual center of the Hellenistic empire. Conceived by Demetrius of Phalerum and built under Ptolemy I Soter, the library was not a simple warehouse for manuscripts; it was a temple of the Muses ( Museion ), a sacred sanctuary where the scholars of the ancient world gathered to study the laws of nature, the coordinates of the stars, and the philosophies of the east. The legend of the Library of Alexandria is the tragedy of lost knowledge . At its peak, the library was believed to house over seven hundred thousand papyrus scrolls, containing the lost works of t...