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The Legend of the Voyage of Xu Fu: The Search for the Mountain of Immortality, the Three Thousand Children, and the Island of the East

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The Sorcerer of the First Emperor In the late third century before the common era, having unified the warring states of China to establish the Qin Dynasty, the first emperor Qin Shi Huang became obsessed with a single, ultimate quest: the conquest of physical death. Fearing the loss of his sovereign authority, the emperor gathered at his court in Xianyang thousands of alchemists, scholars, and sorcerers ( fangshi ), commanding them to discover the legendary Elixir of Life ( chang sheng bu lao yao ) that could grant him immortality. Among these sorcerers, a court magician named Xu Fu (Hsu Fu) approached the emperor in 219 BCE, claiming that in the middle of the Eastern Sea arose three sacred islands— Penglai, Fang丈, and Yingzhou —where lived the immortal sages and grew the herbs of immortality. The emperor, delighted by the report, commissioned Xu Fu to lead a massive expedition to find the islands. The first voyage failed to reach the destination due to the resistance of a giant...

The Legend of the Voyage of Saint Brendan: The Stone Boat, the Islands of the Atlantic, and the Medieval Navigation to the West

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The Navigator of the Irish Church In the early medieval literature of Western Europe, against the windy backdrop of the Irish cliffs and the Atlantic Ocean, a single narrative captured the spiritual imagination of the Christian world. The Voyage of Saint Brendan ( Navigatio Sancti Brendani Abbatis ), written in Latin in the ninth century by an unknown Irish monk, records the epic journey of the sixth-century abbot Saint Brendan of Clonfert, who, accompanied by fourteen of his monks, sailed into the western ocean in a leather-covered boat ( curragh ) in search of the Promised Land of the Saints ( Terra Repromissionis Sanctorum ). The narrative is not a simple geographical log; it is a profound liturgical odyssey . The journey lasted for seven years, during which the monks navigated a series of mysterious islands, each representing a different phase of the spiritual development. The calendar of their voyage was strictly liturgical: every year, they returned to the same locations to...