Prehistoric Cave Art: The First Sacred Images
Between 45,000 and 10,000 years ago, human beings entered the deepest, darkest, most inaccessible chambers of limestone caves in Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia, and created images on the walls that have survived to the present day. They painted with pigments ground from ochre, charcoal, and manganese. They used animal fat lamps for light. They sometimes crawled through passages barely wide enough for a human body to reach chambers where no natural light had ever penetrated. What they made there — the bison and horses of Lascaux, the lions and woolly rhinoceroses of Chauvet, the hand stencils of Sulawesi and Patagonia, the geometric signs that recur across sites separated by tens of thousands of miles and years — is not decoration. It is something else. Something we have no adequate modern word for, because it comes from a time before the categories through which we interpret art and religion had yet been separated. Woolly rhinoceroses, Chauvet Cave, France (c. 3...