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The Legend of the Lost City of Caral: The Oldest Civilization of the Americas, the Sacred Pyramids of Peru, and the Mystery of the Quipu

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The Pyramids of the Supe Valley In the arid desert plateau of the Supe Valley in Peru, approximately 120 miles north of Lima, lies the oldest known city of the Americas. Caral , carbon-dated to 3000 before the common era (contemporary with the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza and the early dynasties of Mesopotamia), was the capital of the Caral-Supe Civilization —a highly organized, complex society that built a network of twenty settlements in the valley. The city of Caral covers over 150 acres, displaying a monumental central zone dominated by six large flat-topped pyramids , circular sunken plazas, stone amphitheatres, and residential complexes. The discovery of Caral in the late twentieth century by the Peruvian archaeologist Ruth Shady Solís altered our understanding of the origin of civilization in the Americas, proving that complex urban societies had emerged in the Andes fifteen hundred years earlier than previously believed, without the aid of warfare, weapons, or ...