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The Alchemical Hermetism of Martin Ruland the Elder: The Lexicon Alchemiae, the Secret Terminology, and the Spagyric Dictionary

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The Lexicographer of the Great Work In the late sixteenth century, as the print culture of the Renaissance was expanding and the secret manuscripts of the alchemists were increasingly published for a wider audience, a primary challenge arose for the student of the Hermetic art: the comprehension of the críptico, multi-layered terminology used by the adepts. To prevent the secrets of the furnace from falling into the hands of the greedy and the ignorant, the alchemists had constructed a vast system of metaphors, deck-names ( decknamen ), and symbolic codes. To decode this linguistic labyrinth, a brilliant German physician and humanist dedicated his final years to compiling the first comprehensive dictionary of the chemical arts. Martin Ruland the Elder (also known as Martinus Rulandus) undertook the monumental task of cataloging and defining the entire vocabulary of medieval and Renaissance alchemy. Born in Freising, Bavaria, in 1532, Ruland served as the personal physician to the E...