The Egyptian Book of the Dead: Spells, Judgment, and the Journey to the Afterlife
In the museums of Cairo, London, Paris, and New York, in climate-controlled cases with precisely calibrated lighting, lie some of the most extraordinary documents in human history: papyrus scrolls, painted in vivid pigments that have survived three and a half millennia, filled with hieroglyphic text and luminous illustrations depicting the most audacious project the human imagination has ever undertaken — a detailed, operational manual for surviving death. These are the papyri of what we call the Egyptian Book of the Dead , and they are the culmination of a tradition of funerary literature stretching back to the Old Kingdom Pyramid Texts of 2400 BCE: the ancient Egyptian belief that death is not an ending but a passage, and that the correct knowledge — the right spells, the right divine names, the right answers to the challenges of the underworld — could guide a soul safely through the treacherous terrain of the Duat (the Egyptian underworld) to a state of eternal existence in the pre...